@InProceedings{KozaiMKYKBERLSTDHSASK:2011:AvSpDe,
               author = "Kozai, M. and Munakata, Kazuoki and Kato, Chihiro and Yasue, 
                         Shin-ichi and Kuwabara, Takao and Bieber, John W. and Evenson, P. 
                         and Rockenbach, Marlos and Lago, Alisson Dal and Schuch, Nelson 
                         Jorge and Tokumaru, Munetoshi and Duldig, M. D. and Humble, J. E. 
                         and Sabbah, Ismail and Al Jassar, H. K. and Sharma, M. M. and 
                         Kota, J.",
          affiliation = "Physics Department, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 
                         390-8621, Japan. and Physics Department, Shinshu University, 
                         Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan. and Physics Department, Shinshu 
                         University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan. and Physics 
                         Department, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan. 
                         and Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and 
                         Astronomy, University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716, USA and Bartol 
                         Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, 
                         University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716, USA and Bartol Research 
                         Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of 
                         Delaware Newark, DE 19716, USA and Universidade do Vale do 
                         Para{\'{\i}}ba(UNIVAP), 12244-000, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos 
                         Campos, SP, Brazil and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, 
                         Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan and School of Mathematics and 
                         Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia 
                         and School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, 
                         Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia and Department of Natural 
                         Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Public Authority of Applied 
                         Education and Training, Kuwait. and Physics Department, Kuwait 
                         University, Kuwait 13060 and Physics Department, Kuwait 
                         University, Kuwait 13060 and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 
                         University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.",
                title = "The average spatial density gradient of galactic cosmic rays and 
                         its temporal variation observed with the Global Muon Detector 
                         Network (GMDN)",
            booktitle = "Anais...",
                 year = "2011",
         organization = "International Cosmic Ray Conference, 32.",
             keywords = "Diurnal anisotropy, Solar cycle variation of the cosmic-ray 
                         density gradient, Heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic 
                         rays.",
             abstract = "We deduce the spatial gradient of galactic cosmic rays in three 
                         dimensions from the \fist order anisotropy observed with 
                         the Global Muon Detector Network. The anisotropy vector is 
                         \first corrected for the solar wind convection and the 
                         Compton-Getting effect arising from the solar wind and the Earths 
                         orbital motion around the Sun. We then convert the component 
                         anisotropy perpendicular to the interplanetary magnetic 
                         \field to the spatial density gradient by assuming that the 
                         perpendicular anisotropy is mainly due to the diamagnetic 
                         streaming. In this paper, we analyze the solar cycle variation of 
                         the gradient observed with the GMDN during ten years between 2001 
                         and 2010 and show that the derived density gradient is clearly 
                         decreasing with increasing solar activity toward the solar 
                         activity minimum in 20082009. We also \find a clear 
                         seasonal variation in each of the radial and longitudinal 
                         component of the gradient vector in a close correlation with the 
                         heliographic latitude of the Earth. The amplitude of this seasonal 
                         variation also decreases with the increasing solar activity. We 
                         discuss the origin of this seasonal variation in terms of the 
                         global distribution of cosmic-ray density in the heliosphere.",
  conference-location = "Beijing, China",
      conference-year = "11-18 Aug",
                label = "lattes: 0549130828972280 10 KozaiMKYKBERLSTDHSAS:2011:AvSpDe",
             language = "pt",
           targetfile = "Kozai-icrc0376[1].pdf",
                  url = "http://icrc2011.ihep.ac.cn/",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}